IEMELIANOV V.O., IEVLEV M.M., CHUBENKO O.V. The influence of natural conditions on the features of the trade route along the coast of the Northwestern Black Sea Region in antiquity

https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2025.01.003

V.O. Iemelianov, NAS Corresp. Member,
Dr. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.),
Prof., Chief Researcher
e-mail: volodyasea1990@gmail.com
ORCID 0000-0002-8972-0754
M.M. Ievlev, PhD (History), Leading Researcher
e-mail: ievminan@gmail.com
ORCID 0000-0003-4861-7424
O.V. Chubenko, Research Engineer
e-mail: arba1380@gmail.com
ORCID 0000-0002-2324-8741
SSI «MorGeoEcoCenter NAS of Ukraine»
55 b st. Oles Honchar, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine

THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL CONDITIONS ON THE FEATURES
OF THE TRADE ROUTE ALONG THE COAST OF THE NORTHWESTERN
BLACK SEA REGION IN ANTIQUITY

This article analyzes the impact of climatic, geological, geomorphological, and other natural conditions of the coastal land and marine (shelf) subsystems of the geoecosystem (GES) of the Northwestern Black Sea region (NWBS) on the existence and functioning of one of the oldest trade routes, which operated primarily from the 7th century BC to the 4th century AD. Using geoarchaeological research on a number of significant ancient archaeological sites located along this route, the article demonstrates the changes experienced by the natural environments of the adjacent land and marine geoecological subsystems of the NWBS GES during this period. These changes occurred under the influence of climatic, geological, and geomorphological processes at various stages of the functioning of the Black Sea GES and the historical existence of the maritime trade route within it.

Keywords: shelf, maritime trade route, port, Northwestern Black Sea region, settlement, fortified site,
estuary, antiquity.

References

Sinelnikov O., Sapozhnykov I. Amfory z pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny akvatorii Chornoho moria: pidsumky doslidzhennia. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy. 2024. № 4(53). S. 117-129.
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.04.07

Okhotnykov S. B., Paskhyna E. P. Nakhodky amfor v Chernom more. Novye arkheologicheskie issledovaniia na Odeschine. Kiev, 1984. S. 97-101.

Iemelianov, V., Ievlev, M., Chubenko, O. Geoecology and archeology of the northern Black Sea coast and of the adjacent shelf. Kyiv: Akademperiodyka, 2022. 328 s.
https://doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka/470.329

Bulatovich S. A. Nakhodki litykh monet Istrii v Severo-Zapadnom Prichernomor'e i problema ikh interpretatsii. Drevnee Prichernomor'ia. Vyp. Kh. Odessa: FLP A.S. Fridman, 2013. S. 99-105.

Marchenko K. K. Model grecheskoi kolonizatsii Nizhnego Pobuzh'ia. VDI, 1980. № 1. S. 135-136.

Vinogradov Yu. G. Politicheskaia istoriia Ol'viiskogo polisa VII-I vv. do n. e. Istoriko-epigraficheskoe issledovanie. Moskva: Nauka, 1989. 282 s.

Lomakin I. Ye., Sarvyrov Ye. A., Kochelab V. V. Tektonichni faktory formuvannia suchasnoi heoekosystemy Pivnichno-Zakhidnoho Prychornomor'ia. Heolohiia i korysni kopalyny Svitovoho okeanu. 2024. T. 20, 1(73). S. 33-41.
https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2024.01.033

Veklich M. F. Problemy paleoklimatologii. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1987. 189 s.

Shylyk K. K. K paleogeografii Ol'vii. Ol'viia. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1975. S. 51-91.

Cherniakov I. T. Severo-Zapadnoe Prichernomor'e vo vtoroi polovine II tysiacheletie do n. e. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1985. 170 s.

Berezanska S. S., Klochko V. I. Hordiivskyi mohylnyk. Hordiivskyi mohylnyk. Kyiv: TOV «Vistka», 2011. S. 7-39.

Klochko V. I. Novye aspekty sviazei Severnogo Prichernomor'ia s Vostochnym Sredizemnomor'em v pozdnem bronzovom veke. Mir Ol'vii. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1996. S. 129-131.

Losev K. S. Klimat: vchera, segodnia… i zavtra. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985. 176 s.

Bruiako I. V., Karpov V. A. Drevniaia geografiia i kolebaniia urovnia moria (na primere severo-zapadnoi chasti Chernomorskogo basseina v antichnuiu epokhu). Vestnik drevnei istorii. 1992. № 2. S. 87-97.

Gorbenko K. V., Grebennikov Yu. S., Smirnov A. I. Stepnaia Troia Nikolaevshchiny. Nikolaev: Izd-vo Iriny Gudym, 2011. 30 s.

Buiskikh S. B., Ievlev M. M., Otreshko V. M. Otchet o rabotakh Severo-Prichernomorskogo otriada Ol'viiskoi ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii AN USSR. Nauchnyi arkhiv Instituta arkheologii AN USSR. 1988. 22 s.

Nazarov V. V. Gidroarkheologicheskaia karta chernomorskoi akvatorii Ukrainy (pamiatniki antichnoi i srednevekovoi epokh). Kiev: Stilos, 2003. 158 s.

Maliukevich A. E. K voprosu o lokalizatsii Germonasovoi derevni. Mir Ol'vii. Pamiatnik issledovateliu i issledovanie pamiatnika. K 90-letiiu professora L. M. Slavina. Kiev, 1996. S. 142-147.

Ostroverkhov A. S. Hidroarkheolohiia, istorychna heohrafiia, hidronimika Nyzhnoho Podnistrov'ia ta Dnistro-Dunaiskoho mezhyrichchia: dosiahnennia, problemy, perspektyvy. Odesa: TOV «INVATS», 2008. 86 s.

Krizhitskii S. D., Buiskikh S. B., Otreshko V. M. Antichnye poseleniia Nizhnego Pobuzh'ia (Arkheologicheskaia karta). Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1990. 130 s.

Okhotnikov S. B., Ostroverkhov A. S. Yakirna stoianka sviatylyshcha Akhilla na ostrovi Levke (Zmiinomu). Arkheolohiia. 2002. № 2. S. 123-131.

Okhotnikov S. B., Ostroverkhov A. S. Sviatilishche Akhilla na ostrove Levke (Zmeinom). Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1993. 139 s.

Tereshchenko O. I. Antychne torhivelne sudno «Zmiinyi-Patrokl» (sklad produktsii). Arkheolohiia. 2013. № 3. S. 69-85.

Hozhyk P. F., Novoselskii F. A. Geologicheskie usloviia stroitelstva Dneprovsko-Bugskogo gidrouzla. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1989. 118 s.

Bruiako I. V. Ocherki ekonomicheskoi istorii naseleniia Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor'ia v VII-III vv. do R. Kh. Volzhsk, 1999.

Slavin L. M. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia horodyshch, poselen ta mohylnykiv olviiskoho otochennia u 1949-1950 r. Arkheolohichni pam'iatky, 1955. T. 5. S. 147-148.

Hoshkevich V. I. Gde byl drevnii Odess. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostei. 1915. T. 32. S. 445-450.

Symanovich E. A. O drevnem Odesse. Vestnik drevnei istorii. 1954. № 4. S. 146-150.

Samoilova T. L., Ostapenko P. V. Osnovnye napravleniia torgovykh sviazei antichnoi Tiry po numizmaticheskim dannym. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia v basseine Chernogo moria v drevnosti i srednie veka. Materialy XII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii (26-31 maia 2007 g.). Rostov-na-Donu, 2007. S. 62-63.

Ievlev M. M. Ocherki antichnoi paleoekologii Nizhnego Pobuzh'ia i Nizhnego Podneprov'ia. Kiev: Vyd-vo Oleha Filiuka, 2014. 277 s.

Bylkova V. P., Nemtsov S. O. Zernovye iamy na Belozerskom poselenii. Drevnee Prichernomor'e. Odessa: FLP A.S. Fridman, 2013. Vyp. Kh. S. 113-121.

Riabkov P. Z. Rybolovstvo v Khersonskoi gubernii. Opyt statistiko-ekonomicheskogo issledovaniia. Sbornik Khersonskogo zemstva. 1891. № 1. S. 54-67.

Brun F. K. Doneseniia o poezdke k ustiam Buga i Dnepra v 1862 g. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostei. 1863. № 5. S. 985-993.

Rusiayeva A., Boltryk Yu., Fialko O. Davni elliny v hyrli Borysfena (bazova funktsiia ta atrybutatsiia Bilozerskoho poselennia). Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia. № 4(53). S. 5-29.
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.04.01