Yanko V.V., Kadurin S.V., Kravchuk O.O., Kulakova I.I. MEIOBENTHOS AS AN INDICATOR OF GASEOUS HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE BLACK SEA

https://doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2017.02.026

Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 2017, 13 (2): 26-59

Yanko V.V.^1,2, Kadurin S.V.¹, Kravchuk O.O.¹, Kulakova I.I³

1. Odessa National University, Odesa
2. Avalon Institute of Applied Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
3. Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa

MEIOBENTHOS AS AN INDICATOR OF GASEOUS HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE BLACK SEA

This study examines the relationship between the distribution of meiobenthos and concentrations of hydrocarbon gases, primarily methane, in the sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea. Based on the dual analysis of abiotic characteristics (physical and chemical parameters of the water column, geochemical, lithological, mineralogical properties of the sediment) and biotic ones (quantitative and taxonomic composition of foraminifers, nematodes, and ostracods), the possibility of using meiobenthos as an indicator of gaseous hydrocarbons stored under the seabed is evaluated.

Key words: Meiobenthos, bottom sediments, the Black Sea, ecosystem, foraminifera.

REFERENCES
1. Bagriy I.D., Kizlat A.M. Portable probing degasser. Declarative patent for corsna model of visions 15.07.2004. Bul. № 7.
2. Gobarenko VS, Murovskaya AV, Egorova TP, Sheremet EE Modern collision processes on the northern outskirts of the Black Sea. Geotectonics. 2016. № 4. P. 68-87
3. Gorshkova T.I. Biogeochemistry of modern marine sediments and their biological significance. Proceedings of VNIRO. 1974. 98, vol. I, Part 2. P. 135-144.
4. Gulin SB, Timofeev VA, Bondarenko LV Zoobenthos in microbiotopes of methane sipes of the shelf zone of the Crimean coast. Environmental monitoring systems. 2010. Issue. 14. P. 225-229.
5. Dikan N.I. Systematics of quarter ostracods of Ukraine (dovidnik viznachnik). Kiev. 2006. 429 p.
6. Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG, Gulin SB, Artemov Yu. G., Stokozov NA, Kostova SK Modern concepts of the environment-forming and ecological role of jet methane gas emissions from the bottom of the Black Sea seas. Marine Ecological Journal. 2003. 2. № 3. P.5-26.
7. Ermakov A.P. The deep structure of the Black Sea basin is based on the results of a new interpretation of seismic data. Dis. Cand. geol. min. Science. 2005. Moscow. 182 sec.
8. Konovalov SK, Ryabinin AI Hydrogen index (pH) of the Black Sea waters. Meteorology and hydrology. 1987. №10. Pp. 75-81.
9. Kononov NF, Ostrovsky SA, Ustinyuk LF A new technology of some syntheses based on acetylene. M .: Nedra. 1977. 171 p.
10. Kravchuk A.O., Kravchuk OP Authigenic sulphides in the foraminifera shell // Vseukr. sciences. Conf. Від геології до біосферології. Problems syogodennya, Maybutny prospects, Kiev. 2007. P.80-81
11. Lein A.Yu., Ivanov M.V. The largest methane reservoir on Earth. Nature. 2005. № 2. Pp. 19-26.
12. Logvinenko NV, Sergeeva E.I. Methods for the determination of sedimentary rocks: Teaching. manual for universities. L .: Nedra. 1986. 240 p.
13. Lyushvin PV Indication of degassing zones in water areas. URL: http://oilgasjournal.ru/vol_3/ lushvin.pdf.
14. Mitropolsky A.Yu., Bezborodov AA, Ovsyaniy E.I. Geochemistry of the Black Sea. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 1982. 143 p.
15. Nikishin A. M., Korotaev M. V., Bolotov S. N., Ershov A. V. Tectonic history of the Black Sea basin. Bul. mosk. of the testers of nature. ord. geol. 2001. 76 (3 b). Pp. 3-18.
16. Ovsyaniy E.I., Konovalov SK, Mitropolsky, A.Yu., Kotel'yanets E.A. Organic carbon and carbonate content of the present bottom sediments of the Kerch Strait. Geochemistry. 2015. No. 12. P. 1120-1131.
17. Pasynkov AA Basic principles of the methodology of prospecting geochemical research in the gas prospect areas of the Black Sea. Zbirn. sciences. prats UkrDGRI. 2006. № 3. P. 54-72.
18. Platonova, Т.А. Lower Enoplida (free-living marine nematodes) of the USSR seas. Not the methods and their role in meiobenthos. L .: Science. 1976. P. 54-55.
19. Platonova, Т.А. The class of roundworms is Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808. The determinant of the fauna of the Black and Azov seas. I. Kiev: Science. 1968. P. 111-183.
20. Sergeeva N. G., Kolesnikova E. A. Results of studying the meiobenthos of the Black Sea. Ecology of the sea. 1996. Issue. 45. P. 54-62.
21. Sergeeva N.G. Zonal distribution of meiobenthos and its most important component of free-living nematodes in the Black Sea. Dis. to the soisk. Art. Doct. Biol. sciences. Sevastopol, IBSS of NASU. 1996. 259 p.
22. Sergeeva N.G. Meiobenthos of the deep hydrogen sulphide zone of the Black Sea. Hydrobiological log. 2001. 37. № 3. P. 3-9
23. Sergeeva N.G. Meiobenthos of the Black Sea in the area of ​​sipping springs. 2001. URL: http://www.eco mir.net/show/518.
24. Sergeeva N.G. Characteristics of the fauna of free-living nematodes in the Yalta Bay during the period of the functioning of shallow and deep-water discharges of economic domestic waters / Long-term changes in the zoobenthos of the Black Sea. otv. Ed. Zaika V.E. Kiev: Science. dumka. 1992. P. 170-184.
25. Sovga EE, Lyubartseva S.P. Sources, drains and methane transfer in the Black Sea. Ekol. bezpeka coast. that shelf. zones and complex. the vicar. resources to the shelf. 2006. Vip. 14. S. 530-545.
26. Sozanskiy V.I. Відновлення світових запасів нафти і газу як The strategic issue is the day's nost. Geol. journal. 2013. № 2. P. 68-74.
27. Tkachenko GG, Derkach Yu.I., Eifa MM, Sokolovska G.М. Газоподібні вуглеводні донних відкладів західної частини підняття Golitsin ta zakryki їх епігенетичності (Chorne Sea). Geology of Uzberezhzhya і Dna Chorny ta Azovs'kogo morіov at the boundaries of URSR. 1974. No. 7. P. 106-108.
28. Filipyev I.N. Free-living marine nematodes of the vicinity of Sevastopol. Proceedings of the Special Zoological Laboratory and the Sevastopol Biological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Ser. 2. 1918 1921. № 4. Issue. 1, 2. 614 p.
29. Shnyukov EF, Starostenko, VI, Rusakov, OM, Kutas RI The deep nature of gas flares of the western part of the Black Sea according to the results of geophysical studies. Geol. and useful. anthropology. World ocean. 2005. № 5. P. 70-82.
30. Shnyukov EF, Kleshchenko SA, Artemov Yu.G. A new field of gas torches in the west of the Black Sea. Geophysic. journal. 2003. 25. № 2. P. 153-161.
31. Shnyukov EF, Kobolev VP, Pasynkov AA Gas volcanism of the Black Sea. Kiev: Lo state. 2013. 383 p.
32. Shnyukov, EF, Netrebskaya, E. Ya., The roots of the Black Sea mud volcanoes, Geol. and useful. anthropology. World ocean. 2013. No. 1. P. 87-92.
33. Shnyukov EF, Pasynkov AA, Kleshchenko SA Gas torches on the bottom of the Black Sea. Kiev: OMGOR NASU, PP "GNOSIS". 1999. 133 pp.
34. Shnyukov EF, Yanko V.V. Gas recovery of the Black Sea bottom: geological prospecting, ecological and navigational significance. Bulletin of the Odessa University, Series of Geographical and Geological Sciences. 2014. 19. Issue. 3. No. 23. P. 225-241.
35. Yanko V.V. Quaternary foraminifera Ponto Caspian: classification, ecology, biostratigraphy, history of development. Dis. Doct. geol. min. sciences. M. 1989. 1000 p.
36. Yanko VV, Kulakova II, Kravchuk A.O. Degassing of the Black Sea bed and meiobenthos as a means of its tracking (according to the results of the international project HERMES). Materials of the scientific practical conference "Methane in marine ecosystems". Ed. South. feder. univ. 2014, P.134-137.
37. Yanko VV, Troitskaya TS Late Quaternary Foraminifera of the Black Sea. 1987. Moscow: Science. 111 s.
38. Alve E. Benthic foraminenfera reflecting heavy pollution in Sorfjord, Western Norway. Journal Foraminiferal Research. 1991. № 21. R. 1-19.
39. Basso D., Spezzaferri S. Distribution of Living (stained) benthic foraminifera in the Iskenderun Bay (Eastern Turkey): A digital approach. Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana. 2000. 39, No. 3. P. 359-379.
40. Bernhard J.M. Benthic foraminiferal distribution and biomass related to pore water oxygen content. Deep Sea Research. 1992. 39. P. 585-605.
41. Bernhard J.M. Microaerophilic and facultative anaerobic benthic foraminifera: A review of experimental and ultrastructural evidence. Rev. Paleobiol. 1996. 15. R. 261-275.
42. Bresler V., Yanko V. Chemical ecology: A new approach to the study of living benthic epiphytic foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 1995 a. 25 (3). P. 267-279.
43. Bresler V., Yanko V. Acute toxicity of heavy metals for benthic epiphytic foraminifera Pararotalia spinigera (Le Calvez) and the influence of seaweed derived DOC. Env. Toxicology and Chemistry. 1995 b. № 14. R. 1687-1695.
44. Bresler V., Yanko Hombach V. Chemical Ecology of Foraminifera: Parameters of Health, Environmental Pathology and Assessment of Environmental Quality. Environmental Micropalaeontology. 2000. New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow: Kluwer Academic Plenum Publishers. R. 217-256.
45. Dando P. R., Jensen P., O'Hara S.C.M., Niven S.J., Schmaljohann R., Schuster U., Taylor L.J. The effects of methane seepage at an intertidal / shallow subtidal site on the shore of the Kattegat, Vendsyssel, Denmark. The Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Denmark. 1994. 41. P. 65-79.
46. ​​Debenay, J. P., Tsakiridis E., Soulard R., Grossel H. Factors in the distribution of foraminiferal assemblages in Port Joinville Harbor (Ile d'Yeu, France): the influence of pollution. Marine Micropaleontology. 2001. 43 (1-2). R. 75-118.
47. Deprez T. et al. 2007. NeMys. URL: http://www.nemys.ugent.be.
48. Dinu, C., Wong, H. K., Jambrea, D., Matenco, L. Stratigraphic and structural characteristics of the Romanian Black Sea shelf. Tectonophysics. 2005. 410 (1-4). R. 417-435.
49. Finetti I., Bricchi G., Del Ben A., Pipan M., Xuan Z. Geophysical study of the Black Sea. Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl. 1988. № 30 (117-118). R. 197-324.
50. Fontanier C., Jorissen F.J., Licari L, Alexandre A., Anschutz P., Carbonel P. Live benthic foraminiferal faunas from the Bay of Biscay: faunal density, composition, and microhabitats. Deep Sea Research. 2002. 49, no. 4. P. 751-785.
51. Hulings N. C., Gray J.S. A Manual to the Study of Meiofauna. Smith. Contrib. Zool. 1971. 78. 84 p.
52. Ivanova E., Schornikov E., Marret F. et al. Environmental changes on the inner northeastern Black Sea shelf, off the town of Gelendzhik, over the last 140 years. Quaternary International. 2014. P. 338-348.
53. Jensen P. Meiofaunal abundance and vertical zonation in a sublittoral soft bottom, with a test of the haps corer. Marine Biology. 1983. 74, no. 3. P. 120-125.
54. Jensen P. Nematode fauna in the sulphide rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. IY. Ecological aspects. Marine Biology. 1986. 92. P. 489-503.
55. Jensen P. Species, distribution and a microhabitat theory for marine mud dwelling Comesomatidae (Nematoda) in European waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 1981. 22. P. 231-241.
56. Jorissen F.J., Barmawidjaja D.M., Puskaric S., van der Zwaan G.J. Vertical distribution of benthic Foraminifera in the northern Adriatic Sea: The ratio with high organic flux. Marine Micropaleontology. 1992. 19. P. 131-146.
57. Kaiho K. Effect of organic carbon flux and dissolved oxygen on the benthic foraminiferal oxygen index (BFOI). Marine Micropalaeontology. 1999. 37. P. 67-76.
58. Kumar Ajoy Bhaumik, Gupta Anil. Deep sea benthic foraminifera from gas hydrate rich zone, Blake Ridge, Northwest Atlantic (ODP Hole 997A). Current Science. 2005. 88, No. 12. P. 1969-1973.
59. Loubere P., Fariduddin M. Benthic Foraminifera and the flux of organic carbon to the seabed. Sen Gupta, B. (ed.), Modern Foraminifera. 1999. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. R. 181-199.
60. Luth U., Luth C. Benthic meiofauna and macrofauna of a methane seep area south west of the Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea. MEGASEEBS Methane Gas Seeps Exploration in the Black Sea (U. Luth, C. Luth, H. Thiel, eds). Berichte aus dem Zentrum für Meeres und Klimatoforschung. 1998. No. 14. P. 113-126.
61. Middelburg J.J., Levin L.A. Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry. Biogeosciences. 2009. 6. No. 7. P. 1273-1293.
62. Munteanu I., Matenco L., Dinu C., Cloetingh S. Kinematics of backarc inversion of the Western Black Sea Basin. Tectonics. 30. P. 1-21.
63. Mureєan M. Diversity and distribution of free living nematodes within periazoic level on the Romanian shelf of the Black Sea. Geo Eco Marina. 2014. №20. P. 19-28.
64. Nikishin A.M., Ziegler P.A., Bolotov S.H., Fokin P.A. Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic Evolution of the Black Sea Southern Eastern Europe Region: A View from the Russian Platform. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2011. № 20. P. 571-634.
65. Ott, J. A., Novak R. Living at an interface; meiofauna at the oxygen / sulphide boundary of marine sediments. Reproduction, Genetics and Distribution of Marine Organisms. 23rd European Marine Biological Symposium. J.S. Ryland, P.A. Tyier (eds). Denmark: Olsen, Fredensborg. 1989. P. 415-422.
66. Ott J.A., Rieger G., Enderes F. New mouth less interstitial worms from the sulphide system: symbiosis with prokaryotes, P.S.Z.N.I. Marine Ecology. 1982. 3. P. 313-333.
67. Panieri G. Benthic foraminifera response to methane release in an Adriatic Sea pockmark. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 2003. 109. No. 3. P. 549-562.
68. Patin, S.A., Assessment of anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystems and biological resources in the process of oil and gas field development in the shelf area. Water Resources. 2004. № 31 (4). P. 413-422.
69. Platt H.M., Warwick R.M. Free living marine nematodes. Part I. British Enoplids. Synopsis of the British Fauna. 28. Cambridge: The Linnaean Society of London and The Estuarine and the Brackish Water Sciences Association. 1983. 307 p.
70. Platt H.M., Warwick R.M. Free living marine nematodes. Part II. British Chromadorids. Synopsis of the British Fauna (New Series). 38. Leiden: The Linnaean Society of London and The Estuarine and the Brackish Water Sciences Association. 1988. 502 p.
71. Polikarpov G. G., Tereschenko N. N., Gulin M. B. Chemoecological study of the bivalve Modiolus phaseolinus in the habitats near the oxic / anoxic interface near methane gas seeps in the Black Sea. Methane Gas Seeps Exploration in the Black Sea. U. Luth, C. Luth, H. Thiel (eds). Berichte aus dem Zentrum für Meeres und Klimatoforschung. 1998. No. 14. P. 92-100.
72. Rathburn A.E., Levin L. A., Held Z, Lohmann K.C. Benthic foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin: Ecology and stable isotopic composition. Marine Micropaleontology. 2000. No. 38. P. 247-266.
73. Saraswat R., Kouthanker M., Kurtarkar S., Nigam R., Linshy V. N. Effect of salinity induced by pH changes on benthic foraminifera: a laboratory culture experiment. Biogeosciences Discuss. 2011. No. 8. P. 8423-8450.
74. Sen Gupta B. K. Foraminifera in marginal marine environments. Modern Foraminifera. Sen Gupta, B.K. (ed.). 1999. Dordrech: Kluwer Academic Publishers. R. 141-160.
75. Sen Gupta B.K., Platon E., Bernhard J.M., Aharon P. Foraminiferal colonization of hydrocarbon seep bacterial mats and underlying sediment, Gulf of Mexico slope. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 1997. № 27. R. 292-300.
76. Sergeeva N. G., Gulin M. B. Meiobenthos of methane seepage areas in the upper anoxic zone of the Black Sea (underwater Dnieper canyon). Extended Abstracts of the Second Plenary Meeting and Field Trip of IGCP 521 Project "Black sea Mediterranean corridor during the last 30 ky: Sea level change and human adaptation". 20 28 August 2006, I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine. V. Yanko Hombach, A. Gilbert, R. Martin (ed.). Odessa: Astroprint. 2006. P. 152-153.
77. Sergeeva N. G., Mazlumyan S.A., Lichtschlag A., Holtappels M. Benthic Protozoa and Metazoa living in deep anoxic and hydrogen sulfide conditions of the Black Sea: Direct observations of actively moving Ciliophora and Nematoda. International Journal of Marine Science. 2014. 4, No. 49. R. 1-11.
78. Sergeeva N., Zaika V. The Black Sea meiobenthos in permanently hypoxic habitat. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 2013. 65. No. 3. P. 139-150.
79. Swift D. J. P., Thorne J.A. Sedimentation on continental margins, I: A general model for shelf sedimentation. Special Publication Number 14 of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Swift, D.J.P. et al. (eds), Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies: Geometry, Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 1991. P. 3-31.
80. Tari E., Sahin M., Barka A., Reilinger R., King R.Q., McClusky S., Prilepin M. Active tectonics of the Black Sea with GPS. Earth Planets Space. 2000. № 52. P. 747-751.
81. Tari G., Davies J., Dellmour R., Larratt E., Novotny B., Kozhuharov E. Play types and hydrocarbon potential of the deep water Black Sea, NE Bulgaria. Lead. Edge. 2009. № 28 (9). P. 1076-1081,
82. Vincx M. Meiofauna in marine and freshwater sediments. Methods for the examination of organismal diversity in soils and sediments. In: Hall G.S. (ed.). Cambridge: University Press. 1996. P. 187-195.
83. Wahyudi, Masao Minagawa. Response of benthic foraminifera to organic carbon accumulation rates in the Okinawa Trough. Journal of Oceanography. 1997. 53. P. 411-420.
84. Warwick R.M., Platt H.M., Somerfield P.J. Free living marine nematodes. Part III. Monhysterids. Shrewsbury: The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association. 1998. 296 p.
85. Yanko V. Stratigraphy and palaeogeography of marine Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of the southern seas of the USSR. Mem.Soc. Geol. Ital. 1990. 44. P. 167-187.
86. Yanko V., Kronfeld A., Flexe A. The response of benthic foraminifera to various pollution sources: Implications for pollution monitoring. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 1994. 24 (1). P. 1-17.
87. Yanko V., Ahmad M., Kaminski M. Morphological deformities of benthic foraminiferal tests in response to pollution by heavy metals: implications for pollution monitoring. Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 1998. No. 28 (3). P. 177 200.
88. Yanko V., Arnold A., Parker W. The effect of marine pollution on benthic foraminifera. Modern Foraminifera. Ed .: Sen Gupta, B.K. - Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999. - P. 217 238.
89. Yanko Hombach V. Controversy over Noah's Flood in the Black Sea: geological and foraminiferal evidence from the shelf. The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement. Yanko Hombach V., Gilbert A.S., Panin N., Dolukhanov P.M., eds. 2007. Dordrecht: Springer. 149-203.
90. Yanko Hombach V., Shnyukov E., Konikov E. et al. Response of biota to methane emissions in the Black Sea: Preliminary results from complex geological, geochemical, palaeontological, and biological study. Extended Abstracts of the Fifth Plenary Meeting and Field Trip of IGCP 521 INQUA 0501. August 22 31, 2009. Gilbert A., Yanko Hombach (eds). Izmir: DEU Publishing House. 2009. P. 181-184,
91. Yanko Hombach V., Kondariuk T., Motnenko I. Benthic foraminifera indicate environmental stress from the river to the marine environment: example from the Black Sea. Journal Foraminiferal Research. 2017. V. 47. No. 1. P. 70-92.